Dollars for Doctors

'First, make a profit' seems to be the mantra for shrewd health-care executives and certain physicians. All the while, patients suffer. Here's what drives this travesty.

Tom Von Sternberg

The pursuit of excessive profits in health care isn't healthy. Care is increasingly unaffordable, and many people don't have insurance coverage at all. Employers are dropping coverage or shifting health care costs to employees in the form of high deductibles and coinsurance. Simultaneously, shrewd health care executives and certain physicians are getting rich at the patients' expense. It seems that success in health care has been defined by money and by Wall Street, not by the overall improved health of patients. This is disturbing to me as a physician. How can it be considered acceptable or reasonable? There are three trends in particular that demonstrate how money and profits have become too influential in the health care system.

A $1.6 billion check?

First, Wall Street has permitted Dr. William McGuire, UnitedHealth chairman and CEO, to amass salary and stock options in excess of $1.6 billion. And this didn't happen overnight. Compensation of tens of millions of dollars year after year was considered acceptable until the possible backdating of options was disclosed.

How was this acceptable? Why did it take alleged options shenanigans to get people upset? There is something fundamentally wrong with a physician or CEO having pay that essentially could provide a small country with basic health care for a year.

And there should be further outrage that the escalation in McGuire's salary wasn't tied to a fundamental improvement in health or affordability for people with UnitedHealth coverage. It was all about mergers and acquisitions.

When a physician becomes a health care CEO, shouldn't that result in better alignment of insurance and care delivery?

Money from drug companies

A second troublesome trend is the number of physicians who are succumbing to the influence of pharmaceutical and medical-device companies, more darlings of Wall Street. Under the guise of providing "information to guide the care of patients," marketing campaigns spend millions to promote drugs without regard to whether they truly deliver a better health outcome or cure. It isn't about improved health or affordability; it's all about market share.

Physicians increasingly are paid to act as consultants to a drug company, and essentially allow their good name and reputation to be tied to articles written by drug company employees. They are paid to influence the development of practice guidelines to support the use of specific drugs in treatment and thereby increase the profits for a drug company.

In addition, the physicians give talks (prepared by the drug companies) to fellow physicians, and in return are paid handsomely. The doctors attending the session are also paid, so everyone's pocket is getting lined in the process -- except for the patient seeking affordable care.

Perhaps this shouldn't be a surprise, since health care is being measured on money and profit, not health improvement and quality. But how is this acceptable? Drug companies spend millions on this "doctor to doctor" marketing, and individual physicians are being paid tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars a year for this so-called consulting.

Have MRI, will scan

A third indication of money's role in driving health care is the emerging trend that allows specialists to double their income by owning high-end imaging devices (MRI and PET scanners) or treatment devices (like those used in radiation therapy).

Now remember, these oncologists and orthopedic surgeons already make a handsome salary -- just a bit north of amazing to this geriatrician. But by simply owning a machine and ordering an increased number of tests or performing an increased number of treatments, whether necessary or borderline, a doctor now can directly and massively increase his or her income.

Is health improving in the process? No. Is it more affordable? Definitely not.

Studies indicate that when a physician owns a piece of equipment such as an MRI or PET scanner, there is a tendency to use it more often. Studies also show that patients do not benefit from -- and may be harmed by -- the excessive use of this machinery. So who benefits? The physicians who own the machines.

Doctors aren't immune to the pressure of profits, and in fact some feel deserving of the dollars. After all, aren't we saving lives? Aren't we curing illness and disease? Who can put a price on that?

We doctors take pride in our training. We made it through medical school and residency. We studied hard and worked hard. We feel smart and believe ourselves immune to marketing influences or conflicts of interest. I have heard physicians say over and over again that they always put patients first and that they can remain objective.

Baloney.

I think it is absurd. It doesn't matter who you are or how smart you are; the seduction of money and profits works. Simply put, money matters. It influences our decisions in caring for patients. It may be subtle, or it may be blatant. But it is there. We are only human.

You can't imagine how demoralizing it is for my colleagues and me when we hear these examples of excessive financial profit. It is shameful and disrespectful to our patients. Physicians always believe they are "just doing what is best for the patients," but as money continues to influence behavior and as we continue to define success in health care by business standards, the patient loses.

These three examples put money right in front of good medical care, and that's not a good thing. Our increasing comfort with the transformation of the art and science of medicine into the "business" of medicine comes at a cost. It allows the invisible hand of the marketplace to take a greater role, and in many instances that hand is stuffed with cash. It also shortchanges the patient in the process.

I have been practicing geriatric medicine in a large group for 23 years. I have personally worked hard to avoid situations and relationships where it seems that money could end up being the driver of my decisions.

I challenge all of us as physicians to look very hard at the decisions we make when profit is involved. And I ask patients to demand that we keep putting them first.

Tom von Sternberg, Minneapolis, practices geriatric medicine with Health Partners Medical Group.